The Inventors Behind the Creation of Television

Television wasnt invented by a single person. The efforts of many people working over the years, together and separately, contributed to the evolution of the technology. At the dawn of television history, two competing experimental approaches  led to the breakthroughs that eventually made the technology possible.  Early inventors attempted to build either a mechanical television based on Paul Nipkows rotating disks or an electronic television using a  cathode ray tube  developed independently in 1907 by English inventor A.A. Campbell-Swinton and Russian scientist Boris Rosing. Because electronic television systems worked better, they eventually replaced mechanical systems. Here is an overview of the major names and milestones behind one of the most important inventions of the 20th century. Mechanical Television Pioneers German inventor  Paul Gottlieb Nipkow developed a rotating disc technology in 1884 called the Nipkow disk to transmit pictures over wires. Nipkow is credited with  discovering televisions scanning principle, in which the light intensities of small portions of an image are successively analyzed and transmitted. In the 1920s, John Logie Baird patented the idea of using arrays of transparent rods to transmit images for television. Bairds 30-line images were the first demonstrations of television by reflected light rather than back-lit silhouettes.  Baird based his technology on Nipkows scanning disc idea and other developments in electronics. Charles Francis Jenkins invented a mechanical television system called Radiovision and claimed to have transmitted the earliest moving silhouette images on June 14, 1923. His company also  opened the first television broadcasting station in the U.S., named W3XK. Electronic Television Pioneers German scientist  Karl Ferdinand Braun entered history books by inventing the cathode ray tube (CRT) in 1897. This picture tube, which for years was the only device that could create the images viewers saw, was the basis for the advent of electronic television. In 1927, American Philo Taylor Farnsworth  became  the first inventor to transmit a television image—a dollar sign—comprising 60 horizontal lines. Farnsworth also developed the dissector tube, the basis of all current electronic televisions. Russian inventor  Vladimir Kosma Zworykin invented an improved cathode ray tube called the kinescope in 1929. Zworykin was one of the first to demonstrate a system with all the features that would come to make up televisions. Additional Television Components In 1947 Louis W. Parker invented the Intercarrier Sound System to synchronize television sound. His invention is used in all television receivers in the world. In June 1956  the TV remote controller first entered the American home. The first TV remote control, called Lazy Bones, was developed in 1950 by Zenith Electronics Corp., then known as Zenith Radio Corp. Marvin Middlemark invented rabbit ears, the once-ubiquitous V-shaped TV antennae, in 1953. His other inventions included a water-powered potato peeler and a rejuvenating tennis ball machine. Plasma TV display panels use small cells containing electrically charged ionized gases to generate high-quality imagery. The first prototype for a plasma display monitor was invented in 1964 by Donald Bitzer, Gene Slottow, and Robert Willson. Other Television Advances In 1925, Russian TV pioneer Zworykin filed a patent disclosure for an all-electronic color television system. Following authorization by the FCC, a color television system began commercial broadcasting on Dec. 17, 1953, based on a system invented by RCA. TV closed captions are hidden in the television video signal, invisible without a decoder. They were first demonstrated in 1972 and debuted the following year on the Public Broadcasting Service. Television content for the World Wide Web was rolled out in 1995. Historys first TV series made available on the Internet was  the public access program Rox.

Electronic Health Record (Ehr). The Use Of Technology Can

Electronic Health Record (EHR) The use of technology can be seen everywhere in the world today. One area which has seen a big push to add technology is the healthcare industry. Healthcare has now progressed to the age of electronic health records (EHR). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the evolution of the EHR, including the EHR mandate and the role of the Affordable Care Act in this mandate. It will discuss the EHR plan at Hackettstown Medical Center (HMC) to include the progress HMC has made with the mandate. This paper will discuss meaningful use and HMCs status with meaningful use. Lastly, the paper will define the Health Information Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and what HMC is doing to prevent HIPAA violations.†¦show more content†¦I spoke with the Director of Informatics, Dorothy Vanderweil, to learn how our hospital addressed the implementation of an EHR. Dorothy was able to tell me how they assessed readiness, planned their approach, selected a certified EHR, and conducted tra ining and implementation of the EHR. HMC assessed the specific flow of each department. At the start, they discovered there were individual needs for each department. They then assessed which departments could consolidate to share work flow. They evaluated the need for training of individuals and found many staff could barely use a mouse. HMC determined which devices would best suited when documenting in the EHR, along with how many devices were needed. The planning then began and the decision was made to use the C5 tablet for documenting. Of course, they needed to know the cost involved with the procurement of these devices. Decisions were made as to how and what they wanted to be able to view and chart. Since they were moving from paper charting there was no data integration to be concerned about. They formulated a plan for training including the adoption of super users for extra support during the first few months of going live. They selected Cerner as the EHR system to implement . Once all staff were trained and physicians as well, a decision was made to go live. By January 2010 HMC was ready and implemented the EHR certified system Cerner. Go live was very well planned with extra staffShow MoreRelatedElectronic Health Research Paper931 Words   |  4 PagesThe Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH Act) was passed as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act on February 17, 2009. The road to patient-centered care was paved with the passing of the HITECH act, which authorized incentive payments through Medicare and Medicaid to clinicians and hospitals when they use EHRs privately and securely to achieve specified improvements in care delivery. If providers do not become meaningful users of EHRs by 2015,Read MoreEssay National Ehr Mandate1248 Words   |  5 PagesNational EHR Mandate Heidi Babcock-Marvin Ohio University National EHR Mandate An electronic health record (EHR) defines as the permissible patient record created in hospitals that serve as the data source for all health records. It is an electronic version of a paper chart that includes the patient’s medical history, maintained by the provider over time, and may include all of the key administrative clinical data relevant to that persons care. Information that is readily available includesRead MoreElectronic Health Record Implementation ( Ehr )1085 Words   |  5 PagesElectronic Health Record Implementation The way in which facilities access patient’s health records have changed from paper charts to electronic health records (EHR). Healthcare facilities have been mandated by the federal government to start using EHR for access and storage of health information (Department of Health and Human Services, 2008). There are six steps that assist facilities in order to prepare them to start utilizing EHR (Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information TechnologyRead MoreImproving Communication, Access And Accuracy Of Medical Records1544 Words   |  7 Pagesto an electronic health record (EHR). Documentation of health information on paper is becoming a thing of the past, as the move for electronic charting is encouraged. This transition from paper charting has been recognized as a necessary transition to improve communication, access and accuracy of medical records (Hebda Czar, 2013). Development and implementation of the EHR continues to cultivate within the USA and is m oving toward a more widespread adaption of the concept. In order for EHR to progressRead MoreThe Adoption Of Information Technology777 Words   |  4 Pagesof information technology in healthcare has dramatically improved patient care, and the practice of medicine in its entirety. Health information technology (HIT or Health IT) has created, among other things, free flow and improved communication amongst all healthcare workers and providers, patients and the community as a whole. HIT has also availed the healthcare sector better and easier access to information. So many people have placed their hopes on health information technology. The hospitalsRead MoreUnit 2 Assignment1683 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween the hybrid medical record and the EHR. hybrid record A record in which both electronic and paper media are used. electronic health record (EHR) A secure real-time, point-of-care, patient centric information resource for clinicians allowing access to patient information when and where needed and incorporating evidence-based decision support. (Davis 67-68) 2. List the features of an EHR. Explain how these features are advantageous for health care. An EHR results from computer-basedRead MoreElectronic Health Records ( Ehr ) Systems1323 Words   |  6 Pagestablets, smartphones, and social media. Digital technology is so thoroughly merged into our everyday lives that being less connected is nearly unthinkable. But how has this digital revolution affected the way we conduct health care? We are in the centre of a nationwide integration of digital technology and health delivery via the electronic health record (EHR). It is hoped that we will have a nationwide EHR system within the next decade. The History of EHR In the past, medical data was only storedRead MoreThe Electronic Health Record1534 Words   |  7 PagesThe Electronic Health Record Introduction In the modern world technology is everywhere and it affects everyone’s daily life. People are constantly attached to cell phones, laptops, and other electronics, which all have affected how people live their lives. Technology is also a large part of the healthcare system today. There are many electronics and technologies that are used in health care, such as electronic health record, medication bar code scanning, electronic documentation, telenursing, andRead MoreProblems And Risks Of Electronic Health Records Essay956 Words   |  4 PagesM8A1 Short Paper: Electronic Health Records In this assignment, you learn to identify and analyze the benefits, risks, and compliance issues associated with the use of Electronic Health Records (EHR) in health care organizations of varying sizes. In your textbook, read Case 7C, Part 7: Information Security Governance and Regulatory Compliance. Answer the three discussion questions at the end of the section Information Sharing in Collaboration: Security and Privacy Threats. Discussion QuestionsRead MoreEssay On Electronic Health Record1358 Words   |  6 PagesAn Electronic Health Record is an electronic version of a patient medical history, that is maintained by the provider over time, and may include key administrative, clinical data relevant to that persons care under a health care provider, including demographics, progress notes, problems, medications, vital signs, past medical history, immunizations, laboratory data and radiology reports (â€Å"Electronic Health Records,† cms.gov, March 26, 2012). In 2009, the Health Information Technology for Economic

American National Government Free Essays

What a piece of writing must that be, one inevitably thinks, the story which contributes to and precedes by two months the scandalous fall of a President. All the President’s Men is the real account of Washington Post’s two young reporters, Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward who conducted two years of investigations to untie the Gordian knot and eventually expose of a very complicated political conspiracy mounting up to the Chief of State. The actual report starts one sunny Saturday in the Capital in 1974, when the two authors have started working on the topic of the Watergate break-in and develops into a broad inquiry through the political fraud and crimes that lead to the resignation of the then president Richard Nixon and his administration. We will write a custom essay sample on American National Government or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even though narrated in a simple and succinct manner, almost telegraphic, the story astonished me because of the huge bid of the search and the courage of taking it to its end, the chain-reaction it provoked, which obviously disrupted the political life of the US and fired up the world’s public opinion. Placing it in real-time, we see that President Nixon resigned two months after the story was published. Carl Bernstein Bob Woodward’s investigation was altogether a great factor which contributed to the disclosure of a dirty business including money laundering, fraudulent electoral campaign, illegal wiretapping and other crimes that contravene to the very principles of the American Constitution and the Governmental establishment, and to the values of democracy in total. Undoubtedly, the sum of notes, papers and inquiries that the two reporters have gathered for the two-year coverage in The Washington Post has given birth to a book full of suspense, easy to read for the less initiated, full of insight into the political machinations and hierarchies at the White House and other organisms like CIA and FBI. The true story was awarded the Pulitzer price and inspired a very faithful cinematographic adaptation in 1976, which in my opinion respects exactly the long and thorough problem-solving demarche of the two reporters through a net of hundreds and hundreds of leads. What I liked is the rhythm of the story and the perfume of the time. It is astounding to read the original chronicles of a journalistic investigation that made so much difference in the political and administrative life of the United States. At first, I found it a good, fast-paced detective story that appeals to the adventurer hidden in any of us, featuring a burglary intrigue and two â€Å"ordinary† heroes describing their obstinate effort to penetrate a very scary wall of silence that lead higher that either of them had imagined. Until then, it was like all good detectives normally do. But some dozen pages later, the heavy responsibility of the whole account struck me. I mean, as foreigner, this gave me a very crude and abrupt insight into the ramifications of the American administration seen through the eyes of professional journalists at that time, without much of introduction or decryption. This could account for a negative point, the rapidity of the narration, if the book had been meant to be didactic, not informational: a snapshot of the event. And because it was written at a time when this scandal grew to be central to the daily life of Americans, it achieves a role that I find essential for a very good documentary: the pulse of the time, the organisms of decision, the power structures and pressure games, the small hassles at the Post’s headquarters etc. Even though I had some notion about the affair before, the book launched me into a roller-coaster ride into the world of politics, newspaper journalism and communications. Before reading it as a sensational story, for me it was a manual of journalistic methodology and intuition. I particularly liked considering the ethical issues of such a public-related endeavor and the responsibility towards the audience, sources and actors, the dedicated meticulousness in working their way through this spider web of secret connections and political protocols. But overall, I found particularly inspiring the unequal buildup of the whole scheme up to the final takeover. There are several stages where Woodward and Bernstein’s findings give butterflies in the stomach, like discovering that one of the Watergate intruders was a CIA security agent, or when the two reporters meet the secretive agent â€Å"Deep-Throat†, and then when they publish the findings of the FBI regarding the greater scope of the burglary, which was in fact a huge misappropriation of funds, sabotage meant to create funds for Nixon’s reelection. And even though this book is not written in a pedagogical manner, the facts speak for themselves beyond any morals or heavy conclusions. As their echo proves, the articles, book and then the movie they inspired created a completely new approach to America’s institutions and, most probably, raised a great questioning mark over the political regimes worldwide. Taking up by the traces it left, I believe â€Å"All the President’s Men† managed to prove that any earthly institution is deeply questionable and may be biased or fraudulent despite its ideology. However, from a historical point of view, the book further shows that these regimes are savable provided the freedom of speech and research is allowed. The very principle of democracy is that each individual has the privilege and the duty to contribute for the collective well-being, and so they can become agents of change, when irregularities happen. I deeply believe this book stimulates such awareness and, why not, the reflex to keep one’s eye open and act with abnegation when needed. In consequence, the papers make an excellent material for our American National Government course because it provides a very strong case study of the American federal scheme of government and its potential breaches. It underlines how the 4th state power, the mass media, can contribute to the regulation of an eventually corrupted system by rendering it transparent. We also have a very intricate access to very confidential information and behind the scene leads in the governmental hive. Because I come from a different culture, I esteemed the way this story, written with modesty, reveals the power of the press within American political process, as well as the power of the individual(s) within the hierarchies of power. The determination, perseverance of the two reporters, even after hitting apparent dead-ends lead to a huge mobilization of forces and a substantial change. In accordance, I would like to mention the patriotism of the veteran â€Å"Deep Throat†, revealed after more than 30 years of confidentiality as â€Å"FBI ‘s No. 2† official, W. Mark Felt† . This is an example of a personal belief initiative taken despite the great threats, without which the whole story could have passed unproven. Wondering about the real contribution of Felt, I came about the statement of the two reporters in a 2005 Washington Post article. According to article’s author David Von Drehle’s, â€Å"Woodward and Bernstein expressed a concern that the Deep Throat story has, over the years, come to obscure the many other elements that went into exposing the Watergate story: other sources, other investigators, high-impact Senate hearings, a shocking trove of secret White House tape recordings and the decisive intervention of a unanimous U. S. Supreme Court. † To my understanding, Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein have been very aware of the boom their investigation would consequently incite. There followed a great chain-reaction by which the juridical power, the intelligence services and other institutions have equally contributed to the making of the complete case against the President and his administration, through extensive legal procedures. For me, this is in a sense a revolution. It is a revolution because the corruption and the anti-constitutional deeds are denounced to the public opinion and, even though this mounts up to the head of the state, the guilty part finishes exposed, with reprimands in accordance. Even though this book has been written in a short and snappy manner, without personal elaboration or explanations, it surely reconstructs the pulse of the time and the dramatic beat of the ascending inquiry. Personally, I feel I had been dragged also in the â€Å"present tense† of the best politics detective story of the passed century. Even though the authors do not make any deep analysis either about the power structures they touch, or about the consequences of their investigation, it remains a grand dissertation-scenario of the changing nature of political actions and the particular framework of the state powers during the time of Nixon and beyond. References: Bernstein, Carl; Woodward, Bob. â€Å"All the President`s Men†. New York: Simon Schuster, 2006. Von Drehle, David. â€Å"FBI’s No. 2 Was ‘Deep Throat’†. June 1, 2005; Page A01. Washington Post. 8 Sept. 2007 http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/31/AR2005053100655. html How to cite American National Government, Papers

World History Questions free essay sample

A civilized society is often characterized by advanced agriculture, long-distance trade, occupational specialization, and urbanism. Aside from these core elements, civilization is often marked by any combination of a number of secondary elements, including a developed transportation system,writing standards of measurement (currency, etc. ), legal systems, architecture, mathematics, sophisticated metallurgy and astronomy. â€Å" The term civilization can be culturally biased if the set of standards differs from group to group. Different cultures place emphasis on different aspects of society. Some might emphasize religion, others astronomy or mathematics, and some cultures emphasize farming. 2. Egypt? s geography and climate in? uenced the development of its religion, politics, and outlook. Egyptian civilization was focused on the Nile River and the surrounding deserts. The Nile River ? ooded at appropriate times to allow grain to grow. The Egyptians had a positive outlook because the river was dependable. This dependability also made the Egyptians view the universe as an orderly bene? cial world, andviewed the afterlife as orderly and optimistic as well. We will write a custom essay sample on World History Questions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Egyptian religion was focused on guaranteeing continuous ? ow from the Nile and prosperity derived from the river and its ability to irrigate the land. The pharoh, the Egyptian ruler, was believed to be a descendant from the gods. The Egyptian king was Horus, and the son of Re, the sun-god. It was believed that the king intervened with the gods on behalf of the Egyptian people. Since the king was connected to the sun-god and assured prosperity from the Nile, the king? s leadership was divine. It also helped that the land was fertile for many years, giving the Egyptian leader more credibility and power. Around the ? fth millennium B. C. E. Farming developed along the Nile River. The predynastic period in Egypt is approximately from 5000 B. C. E. to 3000 B. C. E. They lived in the valley and the delta of the Nile River, Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt, respectively. People settled in these areas because as the climate changed and the southestern area became drier, more people moved and settled east along the Nile. With the establishment of settlements along the Nile, centers such as Hierakonopolis developed in Upper Egypt. Population growth in these centers saw a rise during this period. These centers became areas for religious purposes and political control. Eventually, a ruler of one of these centers was able to dominate surrounding territories, leading to a more centralized political structure. Both Egypt and Mesopotamia developed into powerful early civilizations. An understanding of their environments and geographical location, can help explain how commerce developed for both societies. Both Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations developed along river systems, which created a means of commerce for both societies. A river is a means of fertilization of the land for crops, and it is a means of transportation to spread culture and trade. Egyptian civilization spread along the Nile River. The Nile River ? ows north, ? oods regularly at a fortuitous time of the year, producing rich black fertile soil. In contrast, Mesopotamia is on a plain between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The rivers ? ood at inopportune times of the year, there is little rainfall during the year, and the rivers change courses unpredictably. The Egyptians were able to rely on the Nile River for farming and fertilization of the land. This stability also gave the Egyptians an optimistic and orderly outlook on life. The natural resources along the river provided the Egyptians with reeds, ? sh, and stone and clay for building. They were also able to access copper and turquoise from the desert and gold from Nubia. The materials found in Egypt were used to build the great pyramids. The Egyptian ruler, was believed to be a descendant from the gods and it was believed that the ruler intervened with the gods on behalf of the Egyptian people. Since their religion was focused on guaranteeing continuous ? ow from the Nile, the king? s leadership was divine. It also helped that the land was fertile for many years, giving the Egyptian leader more credibility and power. Therefore, Egypt had a more centralized government than Mesopotamia and did not trade as extensively as the Mesopotamians. The stability of the Nile River also brought stability in Egyptian civilization for a long time. In addition, most of the Egyptians did not live in urban areas like Mesopotamia. Mose Egyptians were farmers. Urban areas tend to have more skilled labor, and Egyptian society did not need to develop advanced technology to compensate for a harsh environment like that of Mesopotamia. In contrast, the Mesopotamians developed more advanced technology to compensate for their geography. They developed an irrigation system to redirect the water from the ? ooding rivers and bring water from the river to distant ? elds. Mesopotamia commerce re? ected the improved technology when compared with Egyptian commerce; for instance, Mesopotamia developed the potter? s wheel for making and trading pottery. Mesopotamian society was set up as city-states, where farming villages were connected to an urban are, ruled by a leader living in a palace in the city. This decentralized government is in sharp contrast with the centralized and divine leadership of the Egyptian ruler. The villages in Mesopotamia provided produce, and the urban area provided military protection and specialized goods. There were many city-states in Mesopotamia. The city-states often fought for control of resourses, but they also came together when large man power was needed as in building new irrigation systems. The geography of both Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilization helped to develop the religion, the political and economic environment of two great early civilizations. Mesopotamian civilization was comprised of city-states. Their society was divided into landowners, farmers/artisans/and slaves. With the importance of farming, the role of women diminished, since the men did the hard labor of plowing. Women were still allowed to own land at the time. The writing system in Mesopotamia, cuneiform, was controlled by male scribes. This dominance probably led to a further decline in the role of women in Mesopotamian society. Women were allowed to engage in trade, work outside their homes, and make baskets and clean their homes. Politics was off limits. In contrast, women in Egyptian society, probably held a higher status than the women in Mesopotamia. Women were able to own and inherit land, and control their dowry? s after divorce. Information about women? s status in Egypt is depicted in tomb paintings. Although women were subordinate to men in these pictures, women were still represented with respect. Chapter 3 1. Describe the structure of the Zhou state. 2. Compare and contrast the role and status of women in ancient Chinese and Celtic societies. 3. What marks did Egyptian domination leave on Nubian culture and society? The Zhou state was developed when Wu defeated the Shang in the 11th century B. C. E. The rulership was based on the concept of the Mandate of Heaven, meaning the ruler was chosen by supreme god. The structure of the early Zhou period was built around capital cities. The city was built in a grid pattern aligned with the north star, following the belief of feng shui.